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Savannah Sandy is a PhD student in the Department of Oceanography at the University of ÃÛÌÒÓ°Ïñ Fairbanks College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, studying physical oceanography under Dr. Seth Danielson. She graduated in 2022 from ÃÛÌÒÓ°Ïñ with a M.S. in Oceanography, but felt that this was not quite enough and plans to continue studying the fascinating physical oceanographical processes in the Arctic. Her work focuses on using acoustics to study sea ice in the northeast Chukchi Sea.

Monitoring the status of Arctic marine ecosystems is aided by multi-sensor oceanographic moorings that autonomously collect data year-round. In the northeast Chukchi Sea, an ASL Environmental Sciences Acoustic Zooplankton Fish Profiler (AZFP) has collected data from the upper 30 m of the water column every 10-20 seconds since 2014. Using this nearly continuous dataset, I describe the processing of the AZFP’s 455 kHz acoustic backscatter return signal for the purpose of developing methods to assist in characterizing local sea ice conditions. By applying a self-organizing map machine learning algorithm to 15-minute ensembles of these data, I am able to accurately differentiate between the presence of sea ice and open water and thus characterize statistical properties of the ice drafts and surface wave height envelopes. The ability to algorithmically identify small-scale features within the information-dense acoustic dataset enables efficient and rich characterizations of sea ice conditions and the ocean surface wave environment. Corrections for instrument tilt, speed of sound, and water level allow us to resolve the sea surface reflection interface to within approximately 0.06±0.09 m. Automating the acoustic data processing and alleviating labor- and time-intensive analyses adds additional value to the AZFP backscatter data, which is otherwise used for assessing fish and zooplankton densities and behaviors. Beyond applications to new datasets, the approach opens possibilities for the efficient extraction of new information from existing upward-looking sonar records that have been collected in recent decades.